بیش از 75 ‌درصد این كشور را كوه، تپه و ارتفاعات در بر   می گیرد. رود «پو» كه از كوههای آلپ در شمال ایتالیا سرچشمه می گیرد، درجنوب این كشور متغیر است، به طوری كه، در جنوب تابستانهای گرم وزمستانهای معتدل، در شمال، تابستانها معتدل و زمستانهای سرد، بخصوص در ارتفاعات آلپ مشاهده می شود. محصولات عمده كشاورزی ایتالیا شامل: غلات – سبزیجات – انگور و زیتون بوده، و     پنیر و فرآورده های دامی، جزو اقلام صادراتی ایتالیا به شمار می آیند. تمركز صنایع نظیر : نساجی – اتومبیل سازی - ماشین آلات مهندسی و صنایع سنگین درشمال كشور كه 50 درصد نیروی كار ایتالیا را به خود جذب كرده است، باعث ایجاد شكاف اقتصادی و اجتماعی بین شمال و جنوب كشور، شده است.

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